Uruhare rwingenzi rwinkoni mbi muri electrolysis: imikorere, ituze, hamwe ninganda 

Mubikorwa bya elegictroches, inkoni mbi zikora nkibigize ntabyingenzi, cyane cyane nka electrode muri sisitemu ya electrolyse ya electrolysis. Amashanyarazi, akoresha amashanyarazi kugirango atware imiti idahwitse, yishingikiriza cyane kumikorere yibikoresho bya electrode ikoreshwa. Mu bikoresho bitandukanye biyobora, inzara zishushanyije zagaragaye nka electrolysise ya electrolysise yatoranijwe kubera imitungo yabo idasanzwe yamugaya, kuringaniza imishinga yabo idasanzwe ya miziki, kuringaniza imishinga minini y'amashanyarazi, gushikama imiti, no gukora neza.

Ibyiza byingenzi byinkoni mbi muri electrolysis

1.Imikorere y'amashanyarazi

Igishushanyo cyagaburiwe na hexstal imiterere ya kirisiti yemerera mu ndege nziza mu ndege ya elegitoroniki, igaha imishinga myinshi y'amashanyarazi. Ibi byorohereza ubungubu buhamye kandi bunoze muri electrolyte, bushyigikira kwimuka kwa ion bityo bikomeza reaction nziza. Uyu mutungo utanga igishushanyo cya electrode nziza kubisabwa nkumusaruro wa chlorine, ubwihindurize bwa hydrogen, nicyuma.

2.Hight iturika imiti igenzurwa

Mugihe GIKURIKIRA ari inert yibidukikije byinshi bya electrolysis, cyane cyane mukugabanya cyangwa inort ikirere, irashobora kunyerera ahantu hazamuwe imbere ya ogisijeni, ikora co₂ gase. Kurwanya igitero c'imiti na acide, alkalis, hamwe nu munyuke washongeshejwe bituma kwangiza amashanyarazi make ya electrode no kwanduza, kubungabunga ibicuruzwa ubuziranenge no kwagura electrode ubuzima.

3.Guzamuka mu bushyuhe na bukaniki

Igishushanyo mbonera cya Graveite hafi ya 3652 ° C (munsi yikirere cyikirere) hamwe nubushyuhe butangaje bwo guhagarika umutima Byongeye kandi, amahuza ya anisotropic atanga iherezo rya mashini, kugabanya kwambara kuva mu makimbirane cyangwa gufatana, bityo bikamara ubuzima bwa electrode.

Ibitekerezo bya 4.elestrode

Mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe bya electrolyse, umusaruro wa Aluminium, inkoni mbi zidakora nkibintu byakoreshwa buhoro buhoro buhoro buhoro mugihe cyo gukora, bisaba gusimburwa bisanzwe. Ibi biranga nigice cyingenzi cyibikorwa bigira ingaruka kuri gahunda yo kubungabunga no gutunganya ubukungu.

5.Cost-imikorere no Gutesha agaciro

Igishushanyo gisanzwe nikiguzi cyoroheje umusaruro gitanga inyungu zikomeye kuri electrode nziza nka platine cyangwa zahabu. Ibi bituma inkoni yerekana ibikoresho bya electrode yihitiyemo umunzani - kuva muri selile za laboratoire mubihingwa binini by'amashanyarazi mu nzego nka chlor na metallaurgy.

Inshingano zikora muri selile za electrolyse

Muri selile isanzwe ya electrolyse, inkoni mbi zivuga nka:

1.Kathodes (electrode mbi), aho kugabanya urugero, mugihe cyamazi ya electrolysis, hydrogen, hydrogen (h⁺) kunguka electrons kugirango ikore gaze ya hydrogen:

2.2h⁺ + 2e → H₂↑

3.Impano (electrode nziza), aho okiside yitwara. Kurugero, hydroxide ion (OH⁻) Gutakaza electrons kugirango itange gaze ya ogisijeni:

4.4Oh⁻ - 4e → O₂↑ + 2h₂o

Ububiko bw'imiti n'amashanyarazi y'ibishushanyo byemeza ko electrode irohereza kwimurwa no guhindura imiti idatinze, kandi ubunyangamugayo bwa electrode.

Inganda za porogaramu no gukora neza

Ibishushanyo mbonera birakomeye mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo:

1.Chlor-Alkali inganda:Amashanyarazi ya Sodium ya sodium ya sodium yo gukora chlorine, soda ya Caushite (Naoh), na hydrogen, shingiro kuri anode ya anode yo kuramba no kubagirana.

2.Lumunum Choselt:Hall-hérouse ikoresha ibishushanyo bikoreshwa muri Anode yamaze kunanira muri Chelite Chetorite kuri electrolyze Alumina, aho electrode ifite ingaruka muburyo butaziguye.

3. Igisekuru chyhanan:Hamwe no gusohora hydrogène yicyatsi kibisi, igishushanyo gishushanyije gikoreshwa cyane muri alkaline na pem electrolyers.

4.kuvura amazi:Ibishushanyo mbonera byorohereza inzira ya okiside iteye imbere kugirango bategure umwanda kubera umutekano wabo.

5.energy ububiko:Ibishushanyo bishingiye ku gishushanyo bigira uruhare kuri bateri-igisekuru gikurikira hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryakagari rya peteroli, hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeje mubikorikori na NOMOSTUBIKORWA Byuzuye Imikorere.

Ingendo zigenda zigenda nigihe kizaza

Ubushakashatsi bukomeje gushakisha guhindura ibishushanyo binyuze mu makoraniro, dopite, n'abaturage na karubone, bigamije kuzamura ibikorwa bya elegiecheme, kugabanya kurwanya polarisation, no kwagura ubuzima bwa electrode. Mugihe isi ishimangira ingufu zirambye hamwe nicyatsi kibisi bikomeza, haragira amashanyarazi azagumaho ibikoresho byifumbire kuberako atagereranywa yimitungo.