Iqhaza elibalulekile lezinduku ze-graphite ku-electrolysis: ukusebenza kahle, ukuqina, kanye nokuhambisana kwezimboni 

Ezinhlelweni ze-electrochemical zesimanje, izinduku ze-graphite zisebenza njengezakhi ezisemqoka, ikakhulukazi njenge-electrorory kanye nezimboni ze-electrolysit systems. I-electrolysis, esebenzisa amanje kagesi ukushayela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungazenzisi, kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinto ze-electrode ezisetshenzisiwe. Phakathi kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo, izinduku ze-graphite ziveze njenge-electroflysis electrolys ezithandwayo ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ze-physicochemical ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ze-physicchochemical, ukulinganisa amandla aphezulu kagesi, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali, ukuqina kwezindleko.

Izinzuzo ezisemqoka zezinduku ze-graphite in electrolysis

I-1.Exgatal kagesi yokusebenza

Isakhiwo se-hexagonal se-hexagonal se-hexagonal se-hexagonal sivumela ukuhamba okuhle kakhulu kwe-elektroni e-plane, okwenza amandla amakhulu kagesi aphezulu. Lokhu kusiza ukugeleza okuzinzile nokusebenzayo kwamanje nge-electrolyte, ukusekela ukufuduka okuqhubekayo kwe-ion futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugcina ukusabela okusebenzayo kwe-redox. Le mpahla yenza ama-elektrode we-graphite elungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengokukhiqizwa kwe-chlorine, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-hydrogen, kanye nokucwengiswa kwensimbi.

Ukuqina kwamakhemikhali ngaphansi kwemimoya elawulwa

Ngenkathi i-graphite inerret ngamakhemikhali ezindaweni eziningi ze-electrorlesis, ikakhulukazi ekunciphiseni noma ekunciphiseni imiphucuko, ingakwazi ukukala emazingeni okushisa aphakeme phambi komoya-mpilo, ukukhiqiza amagesi e-CO kanye ne-Co₂. Ukumelana kwayo kokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali ngama-acid, ama-alkali, nosawoti oncibilikisiwe kuqinisekisa ukucekelwa phansi kwe-electrode kanye nokungcola, ukulondolozela ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo nokunweba isikhathi sokuphila kwe-electrode.

Ukuqina okushisayo okushisayo nokwenziwe ngomshini

I-graphite's Sublimation Point ezungeze u-3652 ° C (ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezulu) nokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu komkhathi Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibopho sayo se-anisotropic sinikezela ukuqina kwemishini, ukunciphisa ukugqokwa kusuka ekushayweni noma ekuphatheni, ngaleyo ndlela kutholakale impilo ye-electrode.

Ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-4.Eleelectrode

Kwezinye izinqubo ze-elekthrolwelekile, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium, izinduku ze-graphite zisebenza njengama-anodes asebenzisayo kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokusebenza, adinga ukushintshwa njalo. Lesi sici siyipharamitha ebalulekile yokusebenza ethinta ukuhlela kwesondlo kanye nenqubo yezomnotho.

5.Cost-Ukusebenza kanye Scability

Izindleko zemvelo ze-graphite kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi zinikela ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngaphezulu kwama-electrodes wensimbi ayigugu afana neplatinamu noma igolide. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi i-graphite idonsele impahla ye-elektrodi yokuzikhethela kuzo zonke izikali - ukusuka emangqamuzaneni welebhu ukuya ezitshalweni ezikhulu zezimboni emikhakheni enjenge-chlor-alkali kanye ne-metallurgy.

Izindima ezisebenzayo kumaseli we-electrolysis

Kumaseli ajwayelekile we-electrolysis, izinduku ze-graphite zisebenza njenge:

Ama-1.Cathode (ama-elektrode amabi), lapho ukusabela kokuncishiswa kwesibonelo, ngesikhathi se-electrolysis yamanzi, ama-hydrogen ion (h⁺) athola ama-elektroni akha i-hydrogen gas:

2.2h⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂↑

Ama-3.anode (ama-elektrodi amahle), lapho indawo yokuphendula ye-oxidation areaction. Isibonelo, i-hydroxide ion (OH⁻) ulahlekelwe ngama-elektroni ukukhiqiza igesi yomoya-mpilo:

4.4OH⁻ - 4e⁻ → ₂↑ + 2h₂o

Ukungena kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuqina kukagesi kwe-graphite kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-electrodes enza ukudluliswa kwe-elektroni ngaphandle kokuthola izinguquko zamakhemikhali angafuneki, ngaleyo ndlela agcine ukuhlanzeka kokuphendula kanye nobuqotho be-electrode.

Izicelo zezimboni kanye nokuhlangana kwemakethe

I-graphite electrodes ibalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

Imboni ye-1.Chlor-Alkali:I-electrolysis ye-sodium chloride solutions ukukhiqiza i-chlorine, i-caustic soda (NAOH), ne-hydrogen, ukuncika kuma-anode we-graphite wokuqina kanye nokuvusa.

I-2.Aluminum Smelting:I-ANODES yeHholo yeHholo le-Graphite i-Anodes esetshenziswayo ifakwe ku-molten cryite ku-electrolze alumina, lapho izakhiwo ze-electroode zinomthelela ngqo ukusebenza kahle.

Isizukulwane se-3.hydrogen:Ngesidingo esikhulayo se-hydrogen eluhlaza, ama-graphite electrodes asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-alkaline kanye ne-pem electrolezer.

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi okubhaliwe:Ama-electrodes we-graphite enza izinqubo ezithuthukile ze-oxidation zokuwohloka kokungcola ngenxa yokuqina kwawo.

Isitoreji se-5.Eelergy:Ama-electrodes asuselwa ku-Graphite anikela ngebhethri lesizukulwane esizayo kanye nobuchwepheshe be-petrol cell, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo lube yimibhalo ethuthukisiwe yokuthuthuka.

Izitayela ezivelayo kanye nokubuka okuzayo

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokuhlola ukuguqulwa kwama-graphina nge-coatings, i-doping, kanye nezinhlanganisela ezine-graphene noma i-carbon nanotubes, kuhloswe ukuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-electrode, futhi kunwebe impilo ye-electrode. Njengokugcizelelwa kwembulunga yonke emandleni aqinile futhi izinqubo zamakhemikhali eziluhlaza ziyaqina, ama-electrodes we-graphite azosala impahla ye-Cornerstone ngenxa yenhlanganisela yawo engenakuqhathaniswa.